Starting With the MPFR Library

The following program computes a lower bound on 1+1/1!+1/2!+...+1/100! using 200-bit precision: mpfr_t s, t, u; declares three floating-point variables s, t, u; mpfr_init2 (t, 200); initializes the variable t with 200-bit precision; then mpfr_set_d (t, 1.0, GMP_RNDD); sets the value of t to the double-precision number 1.0 rounded towards minus infinity (here no rounding is done since 1 can be represented exactly on 200 bits); the statement mpfr_mul_ui (t, t, i, GMP_RNDU); multiplies t in place by the unsigned integer i, where the result is rounded towards plus infinity; mpfr_div (u, u, t, GMP_RNDD); divides u by t, rounds the result towards minus infinity and stores it into u; then the statement mpfr_out_str (stdout, 10, 0, s, GMP_RNDD); prints the value of s in base 10, rounded towards minus infinity, where the third argument 0 means that the number of printed digits is automatically chosen from the precision of s; finally the mpfr_clear calls free the space used by the MPFR variables.

#include <stdio.h>

#include <gmp.h>
#include <mpfr.h>

int main (void)
{
  unsigned int i;
  mpfr_t s, t, u;

  mpfr_init2 (t, 200);
  mpfr_set_d (t, 1.0, GMP_RNDD);
  mpfr_init2 (s, 200);
  mpfr_set_d (s, 1.0, GMP_RNDD);
  mpfr_init2 (u, 200);
  for (i = 1; i <= 100; i++)
    {
      mpfr_mul_ui (t, t, i, GMP_RNDU);
      mpfr_set_d (u, 1.0, GMP_RNDD);
      mpfr_div (u, u, t, GMP_RNDD);
      mpfr_add (s, s, u, GMP_RNDD);
    }
  printf ("Sum is ");
  mpfr_out_str (stdout, 10, 0, s, GMP_RNDD);
  putchar ('\n');
  mpfr_clear (s);
  mpfr_clear (t);
  mpfr_clear (u);
  return 0;
}

The result of this program is:

$ ./sample
Sum is 2.718281828459045235360287471352662497757247093699959574966913

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